A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Singh, Kuldip
- Alterations in Glutathione Levels as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Smokers
Authors
1 Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Campus, Amritsar Punjab, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 6, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
Background : Cigarette smoking has been implicated as a significant risk factor for the initiation and establishment of several diseases like coronary artery disease and associated with high incidences of morbidity and mortality.
Aim: To assess total-sulfhydryl, protein bound-sulfhydryl and non-protein bound-sulfhydryl group levels and glutathione metabolizing enzyme such as glutathione reductase activity in serum of smokers and coronary artery disease patients in comparison with that of healthy non-smokers and to ascertain whether chronic smoking is an initiator of oxidative stress or not.
Material and Methods: 75 subjects were recruited in the present study which were divided into three groups; in group-1; 25 known coronary artery disease patients, in group-2: 25 subjects of smokers were recruited and in the group-3: 25 normal healthy non smokers were recruited from the north Indian population of Punjab. Fasting blood samples were taken from all the subjects of three groups for the determination of total-sulfhydryl, protein boundsulfhydryl and non-protein bound-sulfhydryl levels and glutathione reductase activity.
Results : A significant (p=0.001) reduction in total-sulfhydryl, protein bound-sulfhydryl and non-protein boundsulfhydryl group levels and glutathione reductase activity was observed in coronary artery disease patients (Group- 1) and smokers (Group-2) in comparison to normal healthy non-smokers (Group-3). A statistical no significant decrease was recorded in glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity in smokers (Group-2) as compared to coronary artery disease patients (Group-1).
Conclusion: These observations suggested that smoking induced the oxidative stress by reducing the glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity, might be responsible for the pathophysiology of coronary artery diseases in the younger generation.
Keywords
Coronary Artery Disease (cAD), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Oxidative Stress, Smoking
- Physiological and Pathological Role of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors
1 Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Campus, Amritsar Punjab, IN
2 Krishi Vigyan kendra, Shamsher Nagar sirhind, Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 6, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 31-48Abstract
Reactive oxygen species occur continuously in all the cells as a part of normal cellular function. These reactive oxygen species are a potential double -edged sword in diseases prevention and promotion. The most common reactive oxygen species are hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ion and hydroxide radical are the compounds, when present in a high enough concentration, can damage cellular proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that may promote various diseases. Advances in research have shown that low to moderate concentrations of reactive oxygen species play crucial roles in normal physiological processes, such as through redox regulation of protein phosphorylation, ion channels and transcription factors etc. and are also required for biosynthetic processes, including thyroid hormone production and cross linking of extracellular matrix. Reactive oxygen species induced disease, can be either due to a lack of reactive oxygen species (e.g., chronic granulomatous disease, certain autoimmune disorders) or a surplus of reactive oxygen species (e.g., cardio-vascular and neurodegenerative diseases). The human body has several mechanisms to counteract the reactive oxygen species by producing antioxidants, which are either naturally produced in situ or externally supplied through foods and /or supplements. Antioxidant supplementation has proven largely ineffective in clinical studies, most probably because their action is too late, too little and too nonspecific. This article reviews the basic chemistry, mechanisms of formation and catabolism of reactive oxygen species, their beneficial effects and the consequences of free radical induced diseases in the body.Keywords
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Free Radicals, Antioxidants, Cancer, Cardio-vascular Disease (CVD)- Status of Plasma Malondialdeyde and Certain Antioxidant Enzymes During Normal Pregnancy in North Indian Population (Punjab)
Authors
1 Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guru Teg Bahadhur Hospital, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar (Punjab), IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh (Punjab), IN
Source
International Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 3, No 1-2 (2010), Pagination: 14-18Abstract
Background: Free radicals and peroxides are involved in physiological phenomena such as synthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxanes and are thought to participate in pregnancy. Free radicals are also responsible for the pathogenesis of various diseases like atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases and malignancies etc.Objective: The objective of the present work was to investigate the alterations in oxidative stress markers by measuring malondialdehyde and certain antioxidant enzymes like xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in different trimesters.
Design of study: The level of malondialdehyde and antioxidant initiating enzyme xanthine oxidase and antioxidant scavenging enzymes like superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase was estimated in 200 healthy non pregnant and pregnant females ranging in age from 25 to 35 years.
Results: The level of malondialdehyde, xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase was significantly increased while the levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were significantly decreased significantly in plasma of pregnant females with respect to non-pregnant females.
Conclusion: Our observations are suggesting that normal pregnant women's in the north Indian populations (Punjab) might be associated with an increase in oxidative stress.
Keywords
Xanthine Oxidase (XOD), Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).- Alteration in Glutathione and Its Metabolizing Enzymes in Cardiac Tissue Upon Oral Ingestion of Monosodium Glutamate to Hypercholestremic Adult Male Mice
Authors
1 Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh (U.T.), IN
Source
International Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 5, No 1-2 (2012), Pagination: 10-14Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was orally administered at dose levels of 4 and 8mg/g body weight to hypercholestremic adult male mice for 6 consecutive days and its effect was observed on 31st day after the last injection by evaluating the changes in total-sulfhydryl (TSH) group, Non-protein bound sulfhydryl (NPB-SH) group and protein bound sulfhydryl (PB-SH) and glutathione metabolising enzymes like glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in cardiac tissue of hypercholestremic adult male mice. The animals were divided in four groups each comprising 6 mice. Group-I: Control, Group-II: Hypercholestremic animals, Group-III: 4mgMSG/g body weight + hypercholestremic animals and Group-IV: 8mgMSG/g body weight + hypercholestremic animals. Animals were fasted overnight and sacrificed by decapitation. The 10 per cent homogenate was prepared in 100mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH7.5). The homogenate was centrifuged at 1,000g and supernatant was used for the estimation of TSH, NPB-SH, PB-SH, GR and GPx. The levels of TSH, PBSH and NPBSH groups were significantly decreased in cardiac tissue of all the study groups. The glutathione metabolising enzymes such as GR and GPx was significantly decreased in cardiac tissue of hypercholestremic adult male mice's without MSG (Group-2) and with MSG (Group-3 and group-4) ingestion. These observations suggested that ingestion of MSG at dose levels of 4 and 8mg/g body weight to hypercholestremic animals had no beneficial effect instead it further weakens the antioxidant status in the cardiac tissue by significantly lower the levels of glutathione and its metabolising enzymes and thereby being responsible for the initiation of coronary heart disease/atherosclerosis.